2.
  -2021
..  
 -I
:      :100
:    -    ,        
             
-
1. (1)  










(ii)  :
(iii)    p2 + q2 = 20  2p + q = 8        p 
  q        
2. (i) 3  24   6    
(ii)     1 + 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 1/512
(iii)   n      
-
3. (i)    y = 5x - 7  2y = 10x + 5  
(ii)        (1, 3, 5)       ' 
   9 
2.
(ii)        :
 /
  
1
100
2
50
3
0
   
4. (i)    -      
(ii)   , ,       
(iii) 70    ,   30        20 
       
     
             


-
5. (1)     -      
(ii)   





6. (i)         
(ii)    x = 2   


-
7. (i) (7x - 8)4 (5x - 1)3   
(ii) wrtx   


2.
(iii) wr.tx  

8. (i)   p = 50 - 3q   '  p = 5    
(ii)        =    p = 50 - 3x  p = 5 


(iii)    C = 60 - 12q + 2q2   ' AC, MC   AC   = (MC -
AC) 
  -2021
..  
 -I
:      :100
:    -    ,        
             
-
1. (1)  










(ii)  :
(iii)    p2 + q2 = 20  2p + q = 8        p 
  q        
:󷅶󷅱󷅺󷅷󷅸󷅹  ...
            ,   - ,    -
                
 ,      ,       
2.
        ","  , "       
          !"
  ,   ,   , "    -
    ,       -        "
  ,  -            --
             - ,   

󼩕󼩖󼩗󼩘󼩙󼩚(i)     :
     :
             
   
            
 1:    
    :
     
 ,
  :
= 1/x
 = 1/y
2.
 = 1/
 :
A + B = 9 … (i)
A + C = 11 … (ii)
C + A = 10 … (iii)
 2:  
  (ii) (iii):
!      -   (ii)  (iii) A + C  ,   -    :
11  10            
   :
 :
!  (2)  (3)        ,       
       ?   
             
      :
  :
= 1/x
 = 1/y
 = 1/
:
+  = 9 → (1)
+  = 11 → (2)
 + = 10 → (3)
2.
   ', (2)  (3) :
+  = 11
+  = 10
 
               ,     
       ,       :
:
+  = 9 (1)
+  = 11 (2)
 (2) (1) :
(A + C) (A + B) = 11 9C B = 2 = 2
 (1) :
+  = 9 + ()2) = 9A + C = 11   (2)    ,  !
    :
  A = 4 (    ),  C = 7 (A + C = 11 ),  B = C 2 = 5
   :
A = 1/x = 4 → x = 1/4B = 1/y = 5 → y = 1/5C = 1/z = 7 → z = 1/7
󷃆󼽢          :
xy / (x + y) = (1/4 * 1/5) / (1/4 + 1/5) = (1/20) / (9/20) = 1/9󷃆󼽢
xz / (x + z) = (1/4 * 1/7) / (1/4 + 1/7) = (1/28) / (11/28) = 1/11󷃆󼽢
zx / (z + x) = (1/7 * 1/4) / (1/7 + 1/4) = (1/28) / (11/28) = 1/11󽅂
!          

󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾        , 
2     
        ,       
󼨻󼨼(ii)  :
2.
           
 1:   x = a
:
      a   :
 2:   
 :
√x = 4x = 16
x = 2x = 4
󷃆󼽢 : x = 4  x = 16
󹳨󹳤󹳩󹳪󹳫(iii)    :
   :
   (p)   (q)   
 1:  (2) :
2p+q=8=8-2p(3)2p
   (1)  :
2.
p2+(8−2p)2=20p2 + (8 - 2p)2 = 20p2+(8−2p)2=20
(8 2p)²   :
 2:   
  :
 :
  q :
1.  p = 4.4:
q = 8 2(4.4) = 8 8.8 = 0.8󽅂(  
,    ' 
 )
2.  p = 2:
q = 8 2(2) = 8 4 = 4󷃆󼽢
󷃆󼽢 :
 (p) = 2
 (q) = 4
󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹     -   :
      ,     p   ,    ' q
         :       
2.
       ,    
;   
 ,       
               
        , -     , 
  ,   p = 2  q = 4 ' ,         
       "  ,"  
󽄡󽄢󽄣󽄤󽄥󽄦   :
󹰤󹰥󹰦󹰧󹰨     :
                 
    
    ,         
,     ,             
  ,     ,        -  
 
 
       
 ,           ,  
   -
     
2. (i) 3  24   6    
(ii)     1 + 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 1/512
(iii)   n      
:󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹       ...
    ,      ,        
     
,          , 
         
2.
" 
    ,"  , "
    
  !"
  ,         
    -
-   ,           
 
󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤 1: 3  24   6    
󹸯󹸭󹸮 
   :
  (a) = 3
  = 24
 6   ,  , 3  24            
   (AP)    
 ,     :
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾3 (),  6   ,  24 ()  AP    8  
󹸽   ?
AP  ,            (d)    AP 
 :
a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d, ..., a + (n - 1)d
󼨐󼨑󼨒  

 :
 , a = 3
  , n = 8
  (8  ) = 24

 AP        :
 :
2.
 
 6   :
 : a+d=3+3=6
 : 3+23=9
 : 3+33=12
5  : 3+43=15
  : 3+53=18
7  : 3+63=21
󷃆󼽢 ,     :
3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24
󷓠󷓡󷓢󷓣󷓤󷓥󷓨󷓩󷓪󷓫󷓦󷓧󷓬 1   !
󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤 2:    
1 + 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + ... = 1/512
    (GP) ,  
󹸯󹸭󹸮 
 :
  (a) = 1
  (r) = 1/2
        1/512 ,          ?
󼨐󼨑󼨒  
GP , n  :
2.
 :
   :
 512 2    :
 ,
 ,
n−1=9n=10
󷃆󼽢 , 1/512 GP  10   
󷓠󷓡󷓢󷓣󷓤󷓥󷓨󷓩󷓪󷓫󷓦󷓧󷓬 2   !
󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤 3:   n      
               :
󹸯󹸭󹸮 
    ,  :
 , a=1a = 1a=1
2.
 , r=
 GP   nnn     :
󼨐󼨑󼨒  
 ,    nnn     :
  n     :
n = 1 :
S1=2(1−1/2)=2(1/2)=1
n = 2 :
S2=2(1−1/4)=2(3/4)=1.5
n = 3 :
S3=2(1−1/8)=2(7/8)=1.75
󷃆󼽢 !󷓠󷓡󷓢󷓣󷓤󷓥󷓨󷓩󷓪󷓫󷓦󷓧󷓬
󼨻󼨼   ...
       ,   "     
,"  , " ,        !"
   ,        
  
,            
󷃆󼽢 :
2.
1. 3  24       :
6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21
2. GP    1/512 :
10  
-
3. (i)    y = 5x - 7  2y = 10x + 5  
(ii)       (1, 3, 5)       ' 
   9 
(ii)        :
 /
  
1
100
2
50
3
0
   
:󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹 
:         
     ,               
    '    
 ,        
,                
,   --          ' 
 (i):    y = 5x - 7  2y = 10x + 5  
             :
"       ,       
,   
  -   "
      :
 1:
2.
  :
y=5x−7y = 5x - 7y=5x−7
   -    :
y=mx+c
, m=5m = 5m=5  
 2:
  :
2y=10x+5
    ,    -      
 1:   2  :
y=5x+52
,    ' y=mx+c      ,  (m) 5 
󷃆󼽢:

          (5)  -   (−7  2.5),  

    , "  '       -     -
   '        

!"
 (ii): (1, 3, 5) 
     ,       9 
     ,       ,   :
" 
3D          ?"
     !
   :
       (1, 3, 5)
  '     9   ,
a+b+c=9
2.
      
󼩎󼩏󼩐󼩑󼩒󼩓󼩔  (   )     
         :
:
a x- ,
b, y- ,
c z- 
   :
 (1, 3, 5)    
a+b+c=9
󼨐󼨑󼨒-- 
  (1, 3, 5)   :
 ,   :
   
 :           ' 

   
      

󹺊  a=3a = 3a=3
 ,  2    :
    1   :
2.
        
   3   :
    b(6−b)   :
     :
     
     a=3a = 3a=3    

🛠   :   a=6a = 6a=6
,  2 :
 1   :
   6   :
  b(3−b)   :
2.
     :
 ,    
    
   
   
  
   ,     ,       
     :
 
a  b         c 9−a−b9 - a - b9−a−b      

  :  :
   :
                 (1, 3, 5)  
 ,     
 (iii):    (    )
         ,        -   '  

 (/)
 ()
1
100
2
50
3
0
      ,            
  ,         -     
2.
 1:      :
=+
:
  
  
m  
c, y- 
 2:     
    :
(1,100)(1, 100)(1,100)
(2,50)(2, 50)(2,50)
    :
 -    :
󷃆󼽢   :
      :
,    !
2.
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷 
1.  :
  y=5x−7y = 5x - 7y=5x−7  2y=10x+52y = 10x + 52y=10x+5  

        = 5
2. 3D         9   :  :
 ,  a=3,b=2,c=4a = 3,b = 2,c = 4a=3,b=2,c=4,    :
3.     :
󽄻󽄼󽄽 
,   ,       
      
      
;    ,      
        ,  ,      
  
   ,          
4. (i)    -      
(ii)   , ,       
(iii) 70    ,   30        20 
       
     
             


: 󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹      
         
,        
 ,       
 ,       

               
2.
  ,   ,        
   ,             
           ,       - 
!
              , -    ,  
, , ,            , 

     -          

 ?  !
󹻀(i)   ?
              
           ? 
  { }   
    
󽄻󽄼󽄽:
                
    ,      
󽄻󽄼󽄽:
      :
= {, , , , }
     :
 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
 
    : C = {, , , , , , }
󹻀  
  ()    ,        
        :
1.   ( ):
       
,         
 Φ  { }    
:
1 → Φ       
2.
2.  :
         ,     
:
3         → {2}
3.  :
            
:       → { ,  , ...,  }
4.  :
/   
:
      → {1, 2, 3, 4, ...}
5.  :
             ,     
: A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {3, 2, 1} = 
6.  :
        ,   
   
:
= {, , },  = {1, 2, 3} 
7. :
  A     B   ,  A B      : A
:
A = {1, 2}, B = {1, 2, 3}
8.  :
2.
A, B    -   AB,  A ≠ B. : A
9.  :
            U   
:
 U =     ≤ 10,  U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
10.  :
               A = {1, 2},  P(A) = {Φ, {1},
{2}, {1, 2}}
󹻀(ii)  ' 
         ,         
              
:
󷃆󽄾1.    (A)
                ,  
      
:
A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {3, 4, 5}A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
󷃆󽄾2.    (A ∩ B)
        
:
A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {2, 3, 4}A ∩ B = {2, 3}
󷃆󽄾3.    (A - B)
  A       B   
: A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {2, 3, 4}A B = {1}
2.
󷃆󽄾4.   (A Δ B)
       A  B   ,      
: A Δ B = (A
B)()
:
A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {3, 4, 5}A Δ B = {1, 2, 4, 5}
            
󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤 :    
   ,     ( )      ( )   
      
:
= { , , }
= {, , }
:
 ()) =             = { , ,
, , }
 (A ∩ B) =       = {}
A B =   = { , }
B A =   = {, }
A Δ B =   ,    
= { , , , }
  ?   ,      
󹻀(iii)       
,    --  
󼩕󼩖󼩗󼩘󼩙󼩚:
70     :
30    
2.
20       
:
1.          
2.         
󷃆󼽢 1:    
:
M =      
S =        
n(M) =       = 30
n(M S) =          
 = 20
   = 70
󷃆󼽢 2:           
   :
n(M S) = 20      (n(M)) = 30
 :
n(M ∩ S) = n(M) – n(M S)= 30 20 = 10
 , 10         
󷃆󼽢 3:         
 :
n(S M) =    
 
      '  ,  
  
:
   = 70
n(M)) =             
   ,
n(M)) = () + ()n(M))
2.
 n(S) :
  n(S) = x
 :
n(M)) = 70 = 30 + x10 => 70 = 20 + x => x = 50
 ,         = 50
:   = n(S M) = n(S) n(M ∩ S)= 50 – 10 = 40
󷃆󼽢 :
1.           = 10
2.          = 40
󷗭󷗨󷗩󷗪󷗫󷗬
              
,   -      !   ,   

    :
  ?
    ?

 '     
 
              
 
...    
    !      
        , ,        
-        
 ,                
-  , 
    !
-
5. (1)     -      
(ii)   





2.
:󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹 
:      
    ,          ,       
         ,         
       : "   ,     
 "   ,        5,     
  13      6     15  ,    
    
  , ", 
       
       
!"
     -   
        ,    ,  
                
   
󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤 (i):        
󹸯󹸭󹸮1.   ?
  :
               
,          , " 
    ,     
      
,     
"
 :
  A    B         A     x 
 ,  B      f(x)

    :
f:A→B
:
A  (  )   
B  (    )   
f(x) x        
2.
󹴂󹴃󹴄󹴅󹴉󹴊󹴆󹴋󹴇󹴈:
  :
f(x)=2x+3f
 
x = 1   ,    :
f(1)=2(1)+3=5
 x = 2, :
f(2)=2(2)+3=7f
    
       
󼨐󼨑󼨒2.     
1. :    (x-)  
2. -:       
  (   

)
3. :        
󼨻󼨼3.  
    :

 A1 () 
    ()  
          

     
  
       
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂4. -    (  )
         ,        
󹻀(i) --  ()
              
:
2.
f(x)=x+5f
 x ,      
󹻀(ii)   ()
       -      
:
f(x)=x
    (codomain = )         
󹻀(iii) --  ' ( )
   --     
:
f(x)=x
           
󹻀(iv)  
       
:
 x  f(x)=7

 x  ,   7  
󹻀(v)  
f(x)=x
       !      
󹻀(vi)  
        :
f(x)=4x2+3x+7
2.
󹻀(vii)  
   :
 P(x)  Q(x)    Q(x) ≠ 0 
:
󹻀(viii)    
 : f(−x)=f(x)
:f(x)=x2
 : f(−x)=−f(x)
:f(x)=x3
󹻀(ix)  
x  -    -    
:
󹻀(x)    
󹻀(xi)  
f(x)=
 -   
2.
󹻀(xii)  
󼩕󼩖󼩗󼩘󼩙󼩚 (ii):   
󹸯󹸭󹸮-- :    
      ,       :
"       x ,  1    ?"
 :
  x = 1    :
                   

 -     !
󼬰󼬮󼬯 1:   
  :
2.
    :
     :
󷃆󼽢 :
󷗭󷗨󷗩󷗪󷗫󷗬 
 :
 
       0/0  ,     '   :
        
  
 x     
󷕘󷕙󷕚:     
  , 
 :
    :   =  
        
       
                 
  ,          
2.
,  ,          " "  
         ,   
 :
"               ,  
,      "
󽄻󽄼󽄽   
      
 -   ,      
    
6. (i)         
(ii)    x = 2   


:   
     '      ,  

        ,         
  -              
    ,               
()  ,         ()      ,  
             ,   
 
          '      
 
            !
󼨐󼨑󼨒 (i):       
󼨻󼨼     
      ,      -      ""  
  ?
    "   
"  "   
"
:
           
       
 -  
           -  
2.
  , 
       '         '
 
   

󷕘󷕙󷕚    :
󼩕󼩖󼩗󼩘󼩙󼩚,     ?
                 ' 
   :
     '  
,
   
,
       '      

      '   
 
󺂟󺂠󺂧󺂡󺂢󺂣󺂤󺂥󺂦󺂨  :
     ,      
        , ,    
󷗛󷗜    
    ,    
 ,         '   '    ,    
        ,     ,       
       
2.
  ,      (   )      
,        
              ,      
     ()    
󼨐󼨑󼨒   (  ):
1.   ():      
2.   :      '   
3.  :      (   )
󷃆󼽢   :
    (  ≠ 0)
󽅂   :
󼨽󼨾󼨿󼩁󼩀 (ii):   
x=2x = 2x=2   
󹳸󹳺󹳹 1:  
2.
  :
   :
 ,  x=1  x=−1     x     , 
 
   
  (    
)
 ,  x=2 '    
󷃆󼽢 2: x=2 '    

   -     :
 1:  f(2)  ?

󷃆󼽢 , f(2)    
2.
󷓠󷓡󷓢󷓣󷓤󷓥󷓨󷓩󷓪󷓫󷓦󷓧󷓬:
    
 ,
󷃆󹸃󹸄-   :

 :
1. 
        -     
2. 
    , ,   
,      
3. 
x=2x = 2x=2 '        
4. 
        , 
     
󹸯󹸭󹸮-  (  )
              ,     
    ,      
      
        ',   
       ',       ,      
       -      
 
    '   ,          
,           '     
2.
󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤 :
  ,     ,  ,      
 
 ,   ,     
      
       
 ,  :
        
                
-
7. (i) (7x - 8)4 (5x - 1)3   
(ii) wrtx   


(iii) wr.tx  

:         ,         
     , ",      
 ? 
      
        !"
    
    , "   , !  
  
      
 -        
         ,          
    !"
            ,  x    
        
󽄡󽄢󽄣󽄤󽄥󽄦 7 (i): (7x - 8)⁴(5x - 1)³ wrt x  
󹸯󹸭󹸮 1:      
   :
y=(7x−8)4(5x−1)3
     ,          
󼨐󼨑󼨒  
:
2.

  :
u=(7x−8)4
v=(5x−1)3
󽄬󽄭󽄮󽄯󽄰 2:    
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾u = (7x - 8)4    
    :
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾v = (5x - 1)3   
󹹋󹹌 3:    
,
 :
       
      
2.
         ,        
             , "    -
     !"
󼨐󼨑󼨒 1:   
             :
:
u=x+2
v=3+
󽄬󽄭󽄮󽄯󽄰 2:     
 :
   :
󹹋󹹌 3:      
   :

      :
2.
,   ,    
  !               
                
  :
󹸯󹸭󹸮 1:    
 :
,
a=5a
󽄬󽄭󽄮󽄯󽄰 2: f(x)  
    :
 ex2  :
   :
2.
󹹋󹹌 3:    
  :
 :
󼨐󼨑󼨒     ...
   ,
"       -           
            
     -
 ,  ,  ,   - 
  
"
8. (i)   p = 50 - 3q   '  p = 5    
(ii)        =    p = 50 - 3x  p = 5 


(iii)    C = 60 - 12q + 2q2   ' AC, MC   AC   = (MC -
AC) 
:󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹 -:       
                  
    
             
       ,    
 ,   
     
   ,     , 
  ,     ,        
                  
2.
       ,       
, 
     ,       
           
     
    :   ,      ,  
  -   
󼩕󼩖󼩗󼩘󼩙󼩚  (i):     p = 5  p = 50 3q
    :
",                
     -         ,    
?"
   :
p=50−3qp = 50 - 3qp=50−3q
     ,  p    q    ,  
  :
     (Ep)    :
  -- :
p      :
󼨻󼨼  2:      
    :
2.
󷃆󼽢  :
p=5 '      :
       '    -      ' 
 

󼩕󼩖󼩗󼩘󼩙󼩚  (ii):    = AR / (AR MR)
   
  , ", ,      
  
,     "
󷕘󷕙󷕚     :
    :
󼨻󼨼  1:  
AR ( ) =  (p)
TR ( ) = p × q
2.
󼩕󼩖󼩗󼩘󼩙󼩚  (iii):    , AC, MC   AC     =
(1/q)(MC AC)
    , ",         ,  
      "
C=60−12q+2q2
   :
2.
1. AC ( ) = C/q 
2. MC ( ) = dC/dq 
3.  :
󽄡󽄢󽄣󽄤󽄥󽄦  1:   (AC)
󽄡󽄢󽄣󽄤󽄥󽄦  2:   (MC)
󽄡󽄢󽄣󽄤󽄥󽄦  3:   :
AC q     :
 RHS   :
    :
2.
 = -12 + 4 
 :
 :
:
   :
    :
󷃆󼽢    !
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂     
    , " !        :
               
   ,         

AR, MR,           
                 
2.
               
    !”
  , ",      
 -   
        "
󷙎󷙐󷙏 :     
 ,            
   ,  
             
    -
         ,          :
           
AR, MR,        
      
      
 ,            

 
        ,     

"               

       ,         "